Linux Cubed Series 7: Sunsite

home *** CD-ROM | disk | FTP | other *** search

/ Linux Cubed Series 7: Sunsite / Linux Cubed Series 7 - Sunsite Vol 1.iso / system / network / samba / docs / install.txt < prev next >

Wrap

Text File | 1996-11-17 | 11.7 KB | 320 lines

HOW TO INSTALL AND TEST SAMBA ============================= STEP 0. Read the man pages. They contain lots of useful info that will help to get you started. If you don't know how to read man pages then try something like: nroff -man smbd.8 | more STEP 1. Building the binaries To do this, first edit the file source/Makefile. You will find that the Makefile has an entry for most unixes and you need to uncomment the one that matches your operating system. You should also edit the section at the top of the Makefile which determines where things will be installed. You need to get this right before compilation as Samba needs to find some things at runtime (smbrun in particular). There are also settings for where you want your log files etc. Make sure you get these right, and that the directories exist. Then type "make". This will create the binaries. Once it's successfully compiled you can use "make install" to install the binaries and manual pages. You can separately install the binaries and/or man pages using "make installbin" and "make installman". Note that if you are upgrading for a previous version of Samba you might like to know that the old versions of the binaries will be renamed with a ".old" extension. You can go back to the previous version with "make revert" if you find this version a disaster! STEP 2. The all important step At this stage you must fetch yourself a coffee or other drink you find stimulating. Getting the rest of the install right can sometimes be tricky, so you will probably need it. If you have installed samba before then you can skip this step. STEP 3. Create the smb configuration file. There are sample configuration files in the examples subdirectory in the distribution. I suggest you read them carefully so you can see how the options go together in practice. See the man page for all the options. The simplest useful configuration file would be something like this: [homes] workgroup = MYGROUP guest ok = no read only = no which would allow connections by anyone with an account on the server, using either their login name or "homes" as the service name. (Note that I also set the workgroup that Samba is part of. See BROWSING.txt for defails) Note that "make install" will not install a smb.conf file. You need to create it yourself. You will also need to create the path you specify in the Makefile for the logs etc, such as /usr/local/samba. Make sure you put the smb.conf file in the same place you specified in the Makefile. STEP 4. Test your config file with testparm It's important that you test the validity of your smb.conf file using the testparm program. If testparm runs OK then it will list the loaded services. If not it will give an error message. Make sure it runs OK and that the services look resonable before proceeding. STEP 5. Starting the smbd and nmbd. You must choose to start smbd and nmbd either as daemons or from inetd. Don't try to do both! Either you can put them in inetd.conf and have them started on demand by inetd, or you can start them as daemons either from the command line or in /etc/rc.local. See the man pages for details on the command line options. The main advantage of starting smbd and nmbd as a daemon is that they will respond slightly more quickly to an initial connection request. This is, however, unlilkely to be a problem. Step 5a. Starting from inetd.conf NOTE; The following will be different if you use NIS or NIS+ to distributed services maps. Look at your /etc/services. What is defined at port 139/tcp. If nothing is defined then add a line like this: netbios-ssn 139/tcp similarly for 137/udp you should have an entry like: netbios-ns 137/udp Next edit your /etc/inetd.conf and add two lines something like this: netbios-ssn stream tcp nowait root /usr/local/samba/bin/smbd smbd netbios-ns dgram udp wait root /usr/local/samba/bin/nmbd nmbd The exact syntax of /etc/inetd.conf varies between unixes. Look at the other entries in inetd.conf for a guide. NOTE: Some unixes already have entries like netbios_ns (note the underscore) in /etc/services. You must either edit /etc/services or /etc/inetd.conf to make them consistant. NOTE: On many systems you may need to use the "interfaces" option in smb.conf to specify the IP address and netmask of your interfaces. Run ifconfig as root if you don't know what the broadcast is for your net. nmbd tries to determine it at run time, but fails on some unixes. See the section on "testing nmbd" for a method of finding if you need to do this. !!!WARNING!!! Many unixes only accept around 5 parameters on the command line in inetd. This means you shouldn't use spaces between the options and arguments, or you should use a script, and start the script from inetd. Restart inetd, perhaps just send it a HUP. If you have installed an earlier version of nmbd then you may need to kill nmbd as well. Step 5b. Alternative: starting it as a daemon To start the server as a daemon you should create a script something like this one, perhaps calling it "startsmb" #!/bin/sh /usr/local/samba/bin/smbd -D /usr/local/samba/bin/nmbd -D then make it executable with "chmod +x startsmb" You can then run startsmb by hand or execute it from /etc/rc.local To kill it send a kill signal to the processes nmbd and smbd. STEP 7. Try listing the shares available on your server smbclient -L yourhostname Your should get back a list of shares available on your server. If you don't then something is incorrectly setup. Note that this method can also be used to see what shares are available on other LanManager clients (such as WfWg). If you choose user level security then you may find that Samba requests a password before it will list the shares. See the smbclient docs for details. (you can force it to list the shares without a password by adding the option -U% to the command line. This will not work with non-Samba servers) STEP 8. try connecting with the unix client. eg: smbclient '\\yourhostname\aservice' Typically the "yourhostname" would be the name of the host where you installed smbd. The "aservice" is any service you have defined in the smb.conf file. Try your user name if you just have a [homes] section in smb.conf. For example if your unix host is bambi and your login name is fred you would type: smbclient '\\bambi\fred' NOTE: The number of slashes to use depends on the type of shell you use. You may need '\\\\bambi\\fred' with some shells. STEP 9. Try connecting from a dos/WfWg/Win95/NT/os-2 client. Try mounting disks. eg: net use d: \\servername\service Try printing. eg: net use lpt1: \\servername\spoolservice print filename Celebrate, or send me a bug report! WHAT IF IT DOESN'T WORK? ======================== If nothing works and you start to think "who wrote this pile of trash" then I suggest you do step 2 again (and again) till you calm down. Then you might read the file DIAGNOSIS.txt and the FAQ. If you are still stuck then try the mailing list or newsgroup (look in the README for details). Samba has been successfully installed at thousands of sites worldwide, so maybe someone else has hit your problem and has overcome it. You could also use the WWW site to scan back issues of the samba-digest. When you fix the problem PLEASE send me some updates to the documentation (or source code) so that the next person will find it easier. DIAGNOSING PROBLEMS =================== If you have instalation problems then go to DIAGNOSIS.txt to try to find the problem. SCOPE IDs ========= By default Samba uses a blank scope ID. This means all your windows boxes must also have a blank scope ID. If you really want to use a non-blank scope ID then you will need to use the -i <scope> option to nmbd, smbd, and smbclient. All your PCs will need to have the same setting for this to work. I do not recommend scope IDs. CHOOSING THE PROTOCOL LEVEL =========================== The SMB protocol has many dialects. Currently Samba supports 4, called CORE, COREPLUS, LANMAN1, LANMAN2 and NT1. You can choose what protocols to support in the smb.conf file. The default is NT1 and that is the best for the vast majority of sites. In older versions of Samba you may have found it necessary to use COREPLUS. The limitations that led to this have mostly been fixed. It is now less likely that you will want to use less than LANMAN1. The only remaining advantage of COREPLUS is that for some obscure reason WfWg preserves the case of passwords in this protocol, whereas under LANMAN1, LANMAN2 or NT1 it uppercases all passwords before sending them, forcing you to use the "password level=" option in some cases. The main advantage of LANMAN2 and NT1 is support for long filenames with some clients (eg: smbclient, Windows NT or Win95). See the smb.conf manual page for more details. Note: To support print queue reporting you may find that you have to use TCP/IP as the default protocol under WfWg. For some reason if you leave Netbeui as the default it may break the print queue reporting on some systems. It is presumably a WfWg bug. PRINTING FROM UNIX TO A CLIENT PC ================================= To use a printer that is available via a smb-based server from a unix host you will need to compile the smbclient program. You then need to install the script "smbprint". Read the instruction in smbprint for more details. There is also a SYSV style script that does much the same thing called smbprint.sysv. It contains instructions. LOCKING ======= One area which sometimes causes trouble is locking. There are two types of locking which need to be performed by a SMB server. The first is "record locking" which allows a client to lock a range of bytes in a open file. The second is the "deny modes" that are specified when a file is open. Samba supports "record locking" using the fcntl() unix system call. This is often implemented using rpc calls to a rpc.lockd process running on the system that owns the filesystem. Unfortunately many rpc.lockd implementations are very buggy, particularly when made to talk to versions from other vendors. It is not uncommon for the rpc.lockd to crash. There is also a problem translating the 32 bit lock requests generated by PC clients to 31 bit requests supported by most unixes. Unfortunately many PC applications (typically OLE2 applications) use byte ranges with the top bit set as semaphore sets. Samba attempts translation to support these types of applications, and the translation has proved to be quite successful. Strictly a SMB server should check for locks before every read and write call on a file. Unfortunately with the way fcntl() works this can be slow and may overstress the rpc.lockd. It is also almost always unnecessary as clients are supposed to independently make locking calls before reads and writes anyway if locking is important to them. By default Samba only makes locking calls when explicitly asked to by a client, but if you set "strict locking = yes" then it will make lock checking calls on every read and write. You can also disable by range locking completely using "locking = no". This is useful for those shares that don't support locking or don't need it (such as cdroms). In this case Samba fakes the return codes of locking calls to tell clients that everything is OK. The second class of locking is the "deny modes". These are set by an application when it opens a file to determine what types of access should be allowed simultaneously with it's open. A client may ask for DENY_NONE, DENY_READ, DENY_WRITE or DENY_ALL. There are also special compatability modes called DENY_FCB and DENY_DOS. You can disable share modes using "share modes = no". This may be useful on a heavily loaded server as the share modes code is very slow. MAPPING USERNAMES ================= If you have different usernames on the PCs and the unix server then take a look at the "username map" option. See the smb.conf man page for details.